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Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter Instrument Specifications


Document number SPEC-2651AG

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

SPECIFICATION CONDITIONS

This document contains specifications and supplemental information for the Model 2651A High Power System SourceMeter instrument. Specifications are the standards against which the 2651A is tested. Upon leaving the factory, the 2651A meets these specifications. Supplemental and typical values are nonwarranted, apply at 23 °C, and are provided solely as useful information.

Accuracy specifications are applicable for both normal and high-capacitance modes.

Source and measurement accuracies are specified at the 2651A terminals under these conditions:

  1. 18 °C to 23 °C, < 70 percent relative humidity
  2. After two-hour warm-up
  3. Speed normal (1 NPLC)
  4. A/D autozero enabled
  5. Remote sense operation or properly zeroed local operation
  6. Calibration period: One year

DC POWER SPECIFICATIONS

  Voltage Current
Maximum output power and source/sink limits1

202 W maximum

  • ±10.1 V at ± 20.0 A
  • ±20.2 V at ± 10.0 A
  • ±40.4 V at ± 5.0 A2
  • Four-quadrant source or sink operation

202 W maximum

  • ± 5.05 A at ± 40 V2
  • ± 10.1 A at ± 20 V
  • ± 20.2 A at ± 10 V
  • Four-quadrant source or sink operation
 
DC Power Specification
 

Refer to Pulse characteristics for pulsing details, such as duty cycle and pulse width.


1 Full power source operation regardless of load to 30 °C ambient. Above 30 °C or power sink operation, refer to “Operating boundaries” in the Model 2651A Reference Manual for additional power derating information and guaranteed thermal cutoffs. Typical thermal cutoffs are shown in the following table.

Maximum output power Voltage Current
Quadrant II –10 V at 13 A
–20 V at 7.7 A
–40 V at 3.3 A
4.3 A at –20 V
10 A at –10 V
20 A at –1.3 V
Quadrant IV 10 V at –13 A
20 V at –7.7 A
40 V at –3.3 A
 –4.3 A at 20 V
–10 A at 10 V
–20 A at 1.3 V

2 Quadrants 2 and 4 in the power envelope are trimmed at 36 V and 4.5 A.


VOLTAGE ACCURACY SPECIFICATIONS3, 4

 Range Source Current
Programming resolution Accuracy
± (% reading + volts)
Display resolution Integrating ADC accuracy5
± (% reading + volts)
High speed ADC accuracy6
± (% reading + volts)
100 mV 5 µV 0.02% + 500 µV 100 nV 0.02% + 300 µV 0.05% + 600 µV
1 V 50 µV 0.02% + 500 µV 1 µV 0.02% + 300 µV 0.05% + 600 µV
10 V 500 µV 0.02% + 5 mV 10 µV 0.02% + 3 mV 0.05% + 8 mV
20 V 500 µV 0.02% + 5 mV 10 µV 0.02% + 5 mV 0.05% + 8 mV
40 V 500 µV 0.02% + 12 mV 10 µV 0.02% + 12 mV 0.05% + 15 mV

CURRENT ACCURACY SPECIFICATIONS7

 Range Source Current
Programming resolution Accuracy
± (% reading + volts)
Display resolution Integrating ADC accuracy5
± (% reading + amperes)
High speed ADC accuracy6
± (% reading + amperes)
100 nA 2 pA 0.1% + 500 pA 100 fA 0.08% + 500 pA 0.08% + 800 pA
1 µA 20 pA 0.1% + 2 nA 1 pA 0.08% + 2 nA 0.08% + 4 nA
10 µA 200 pA 0.1% +10 nA 10 pA 0.08% + 8 nA 0.08% +10 nA
100 µA 2 nA 0.03% + 60 nA 100 pA 0.02% + 25 nA 0.05% + 60 nA
1 mA 20 nA 0.03% +300 nA 1 nA 0.02% +200 nA 0.05% + 500 nA
10 mA 200 nA 0.03% + 8 µA 10 nA 0.02% + 2.5 µA 0.05% + 10 µA
100 mA 2 µA 0.03% + 30 µA 100 nA 0.02% + 20 µA 0.05% + 50 µA
1 A 200 µA 0.08% + 3.5 mA 1 µA 0.05% + 3 mA 0.05% + 5 mA
5 A 200 µA 0.08% + 3.5 mA 1 µA 0.05% + 3 mA 0.05% + 5 mA
10 A 500 µA 0.15% + 6 mA 10 µA 0.12% + 6 mA 0.12% + 12 mA
20 A 500 µA 0.15% + 8 mA 10 µA 0.08% + 8 mA 0.08% + 15 mA
50 A8 2 mA 0.15% + 80 mA 10 µA 0.05% + 50 mA9 0.05% + 90 mA10

3 Add 50 µV to source accuracy specifications per volt of HI lead drop.
4 For temperatures 0 °C to 18 °C and 28 °C to 50 °C, accuracy is degraded by ± (0.15 × accuracy specification)/°C. High-capacitance mode accuracy is applicable at 23 °C ± 5 °C only.
5 Derate accuracy specification for NPLC setting < 1 by increasing error term. Add appropriate typical percent of range term for resistive loads using the table below.

NPLC Settings 100 mV range 1 V to 40 V ranges 100 nA range 1 µA to 100 mA ranges 1 A to 20 A ranges
0.1 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01%
0.01 0.08% 0.07% 0.1% 0.05% 0.1%
0.001 0.8% 0.6% 1% 0.5% 1.8%

6 18-bit ADC. Average of 1000 samples taken at 100 µs intervals.
7 At temperatures 0 °C to 18 °C and 28 °C to 50 °C; 100 nA to 10 µA accuracy is degraded by ± (0.35 × accuracy specification)/°C. 100 µA to 50 A accuracy is degraded by ± (0.15 × accuracy specification)/°C. High-capacitance mode accuracy is applicable at 23 °C ± 5 °C only
8 8 50 A range accessible only in pulse mode.
9 50 A range accuracy measurements are taken at 0.008 NPLC.
10 Average of 100 samples taken at 1 µs intervals.


SUPPLEMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS

The following specifications are supplemental characteristics that provide additional information about instrument functions and performance. These characteristics are not guaranteed specifications; they describe the typical performance of the 2651A.

PULSE CHARACTERISTICS

 
DC Power Specification
 
Pulse region characteristics Pulse region characteristics
Region Region maximums Maximum pulse width11 Maximum duty cycle12
1 5 A at 40 V DC, no limit 100%
1 10 A at 20 V DC, no limit 100%
1 20 A at 10 V DC, no limit 100%
2 30 A at 10 V 1 ms 50%
3 20 A at 20 V 1.5 ms 40%
4 10 A at 40 V 1.5 ms 40%
5 50 A at 10 V 1 ms 35%
6 50 A at 20 V 330 µs 10%
7 50 A at 40 V 300 µs 1%

11 Times measured from the start of pulse to the start off-time; see figure below.

 
DC Power Specification
 

12 Thermally limited in sink mode (quadrants 2 and 4) and ambient temperatures above 30 °C. See power equations in the Model 2651A Reference Manual for more information.


CAUTION Carefully consider and configure the appropriate output-off state and source and compliance levels before connecting the 2651A to a device that can deliver energy. Failure to consider the output-off state and source and compliance levels may result in damage to the instrument or to the device under test.

Current and voltage range expansion Two 2651A instruments can be combined in series or parallel to expand the operating ranges and power performance for some applications. Refer to tek.com/keithley for the necessary application notes.
Minimum programmable pulse width13 100 µs
Note: Minimum pulse width for settled source at a given I/V output and load can be longer than 100 µs
Pulse width programming resolution 1 µs
Pulse width programming accuracy13 ± 5 µs
Pulse width jitter 2 µs
Pulse rise time Current range RLOAD Rise time
50 A 0.05 Ω 26 µs
50 A 0.2 Ω 57 µs
50 A 0.4 Ω 85 µs
20 A 0.5 Ω 95 µs
50 A 0.8 Ω 130 µs
20 A 1 Ω 180 µs
10 A 2 Ω 330 µs
5 A 8.2 Ω 400 µs

13 Times measured from the start of pulse to the start off-time; see figure below.

 
DC Power Specification
 

ADDITIONAL SOURCE CHARACTERISTICS

Noise
10 Hz to 20 MHz

< 100 mV peak-peak, < 30 mVRMS

  • 10 V range with a 20 A limit
Noise
0.1 Hz to 10 Hz

Voltage:

  • 0.1% of range for 100 mV range
  • 0.05% of range for ranges > 100 mV range

Current:

  • 0.05% of range
Overshoot

Voltage:

  • < ± (0.1% + 10 mV)
  • Step size = 10% to 90% of range, resistive load, maximum current limit/compliance

Current:

Transient response time 10 V and 20 V ranges: < 70 µs for the output to recover to within 0.1% for a 10% to 90% step change in load
40 V range: <110 µs for the output to recover to within 0.1% for a 10% to 90% step change in load
Range change overshoot

Voltage:

  • < 300 mV + 0.1% of larger range (for < 20 V ranges)
  • < 400 mV + 0.1% of larger range (for ≥ 20 V ranges)
  • Overshoot into a 100 kΩ load, 20 MHz bandwidth

Current:

  • < 5% of larger range + 360 mV/RLOAD (for  > 10 µA ranges)
  • IOUT × RLOAD = 1 V
Current source output settling time Time required to reach within 0.1% of final value after source level command is processed on a fixed range
Values below for IOUT × RLOAD
Current range RLOAD Settling time
20 A 0.5 Ω < 195 µs
10 A 1.5 Ω < 540 µs
5 A 5 Ω < 560 µs
1 A 1 Ω < 80 µs
100 mA 10 Ω < 80 µs
10 mA 100 Ω < 210 µs
1 mA 1 kΩ < 300 µs
100 µA 10 kΩ < 500 µs
10 µA 100 kΩ < 15 ms
1 µA 1 MΩ < 35 ms
100 nA 10 MΩ < 110 ms
Voltage source output settling time Time required to reach within 0.1% of final value after source level command is processed on a fixed range14
Range Settling time
1 V < 70 µs
10 V < 160 µs
20 V < 190 µs
40 V < 175 µs
Guard offset voltage

< 4 mV

  • Current < 10 mA
Remote sense operating range15 Maximum voltage between HI and SENSE HI = 3 V
Maximum voltage between LO and SENSE LO = 3 V
Maximum impedance per source lead

Maximum impedance limited by 3 V drop by remote sense operating range

  • Maximum resistance = 3 V/source current value (amperes)
    (maximum of 1 Ω per source lead)
  • 3 V = L di/dt
Voltage output headroom

5 A range

  • Maximum output voltage = 48.5 V – (total voltage drop across source leads)

10 A range

  • Maximum output voltage = 24.5 V – (total voltage drop across source leads)

20 A range

  • Maximum output voltage = 15.9 V – (total voltage drop across source leads)
Overtemperature protection Internally sensed temperature overload puts unit in standby mode
Limit/compliance

Bipolar limit (compliance) set with single value
Voltage:16

  • Minimum value is 10 mV; accuracy is the same as voltage source

Current:17

  • Minimum value is 10 nA; accuracy is the same as current source

ADDITIONAL METER CHARACTERISTICS

Contact check characteristics18 Speed Maximum measurement time to memory for 60 Hz (50 Hz) Accuracy (1 year)
23 °C ± 5 °C
± (% reading + ohms)
Fast 1.1 ms (1.2 ms) 5% + 15 Ω
Medium 4.1 ms (5 ms) 5% + 5 Ω
Slow 36 ms (42 ms) 5% + 3 Ω

14 With measure and compliance set to the maximum current for the specified voltage range.
15 Add 50 µV to source accuracy specifications per volt of HI lead drop.
16 For sink mode operation (quadrants II and IV), add 0.6 percent of limit range to the corresponding voltage source accuracy specifications. For 100 mV range add an additional 60 mV of uncertainty. Specifications apply with sink mode enabled.
17 For sink mode operation (quadrants II and IV), add 0.6 percent of limit range to the corresponding current limit accuracy specifications. Specifications apply with sink mode enabled.
18 Includes measurement of SENSE HI to HI and SENSE LO to LO contact resistances.


Maximum load impedance Normal mode
10 nF
3 µH
High capacitance mode
50 µF
3 µH
Common mode voltage 250 V dc
Common mode isolation > 1 GΩ
< 4500 pF
Measure input impedance > 10 GΩ
Sense high input impedance > 10 GΩ
Maximum sense lead resistance 1 kΩ for rated accuracy
Overrange 101% of source range
102% of measure range

HIGH-CAPACITANCE MODE CHARACTERISTICS 19, 20

Accuracy characteristics21 Accuracy characteristics are applicable in both normal and high capacitance modes
Voltage source output settling time Time required to reach within 0.1% of final value after source level command is processed on a fixed range22
Voltage source range Settling time with CLOAD = 4.7 µF
1 V 75 µs
10 V 170 µs
20 V 200 µs
40 V 180 µs
Mode change delay

Current ranges of 100 µA and above:

  • 11 ms delay for both in and out of high-capacitance mode

Current ranges below 100 µA:

  • 250 ms delay into high-capacitance mode
  • 11 ms delay out of high‑capacitance mode
Measure input impedance > 10 GΩ in parallel with 25 nF
Voltage source range change overshoot

< 400 mV + 0.1% of larger range

  • Overshoot into a 100 kΩ load, 20 MHz bandwidth

19 High-capacitance mode specifications are for dc measurements only and use locked ranges. Autorange is disabled.
20 100 nA range is not available in high-capacitance mode.
21 Add an additional 2 nA to the source current accuracy and measure current accuracy offset for the 1 µA range.
22 With measure and compliance set to the maximum current for the specified voltage range.


MEASUREMENT SPEED CHARACTERISTICS23, 24

Maximum sweep operation rates (operations per second) for 60 Hz (50 Hz):

A/D converter speed Trigger origin Measure to memory
using user scripts
Measure to GPIB
using user scripts
Source measure to memory
using user scripts
Source measure to GPIB
using user scripts
Source measure to memory
using sweep API
Source measure to GPIB
using sweep API
0.001 NPLC Internal 20000
(20000)
9800
(9800)
7000
(7000)
6200
(6200)
12000
(12000)
5900
(5900)
0.001 NPLC Digital I/O 8100
(8100)
7100
(7100)
5500
(5500)
5100
(5100)
11200
(11200)
5700
(5700)
0.01 NPLC Internal 4900
(4000)
3900
(3400)
3400
(3000)
3200
(2900)
4200
(3700)
4000
(3500)
0.01 NPLC Digital I/O 3500
(3100)
3400
(3000)
3000
(2700)
2900
(2600)
4150
(3650)
3800
(3400)
0.1 NPLC Internal 580
(480)
560
(470)
550
(465)
550
(460)
560
(470)
545
(460)
0.1 NPLC Digital I/O 550
(460)
550
(460)
540
(450)
540
(450)
560
(470)
545
(460)
1.0 NPLC Internal 59
(49)
59
(49)
59
(49)
59
(49)
59
(49)
59
(49)
1.0 NPLC Digital I/O 58
(48)
58
(49)
59
(49)
59
(49)
59
(49)
59
(49)
High-speed
ADC
Internal 38500
(38500)
18000
(18000)
10000
(10000)
9500
(9500)
14300
(14300)
6300
(6300)
High-speed
ADC
Digital I/O 12500
(12500)
11500
(11500)
7500
(7500)
7000
(7000)
13200
(13200)
6000
(6000)

High-speed ADC burst measurement rates:25

Burst length (readings) Readings per second Bursts per second
100 1,000,000 400
500 1,000,000 80
1000 1,000,000 40
2500 1,000,000 16
5000 1,000,000 8

23 Tests performed with a 2651A on channel A using the following equipment: Computer hardware (Intel® Pentium® 4 2.4 GHz, 2 GB RAM, National Instruments PCI-GPIB); driver (NI-488.2 Version 2.2 PCI-GPIB); software (Microsoft® Windows® XP, Microsoft® Visual Studio® 2010, NI-VISA version 4.1).
24 Exclude current measurement ranges less than 1 mA.
25 smua.measure.adc must be enabled and the smua.measure.count set to the burst length.


Maximum single measurement rates (operations per second) for 60 Hz (50 Hz):

A/D converter speed Trigger origin Measure to GPIB Source measure to GPIB Source measure pass/fail to GPIB
0.001 NPLC Internal 1900 (1800) 1400 (1400) 1400 (1400)
0.01 NPLC Internal 1450 (1400) 1200 (1100) 1100 (1100)
0.1 NPLC Internal 450 (390) 425 (370) 425 (375)
1.0 NPLC Internal 58 (48) 57 (48) 57 (48)
Maximum measurement range change rate > 4000 per second for > 10 µA
Maximum source range change rate 10 ms for ranges > 100 μA and < 5 A
30 ms for ranges ≥ 5 A
Command processing time Maximum time required for the output to begin to change following the receipt of the smua.source.levelv or smua.source.leveli command; < 1 ms

TRIGGERING AND SYNCHRONIZATION CHARACTERISTICS

Triggering

Trigger in to trigger out 0.5 μs
Trigger in to source change26 10 μs
Trigger timer accuracy ± 2 μs
Source change26 after LXI trigger 280 μs

Synchronization

Single-node synchronized source change26 < 0.5 μs
Multi-node synchronized source change26 < 0.5 μs

26 Fixed source range with no polarity change.


SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION

Front-panel interface Two-line vacuum fluorescent display (VFD) with keypad and navigation wheel
Display
  • Show error messages and user-defined messages
  • Display source and limit settings
  • Show current and voltage measurements
  • View measurements stored in dedicated reading buffers
Keypad operations
  • Change host interface settings
  • Save and restore instrument setups
  • Load and run factory and user-defined test scripts that prompt for input and send results to the display
  • Store measurements into dedicated reading buffers
Programming Embedded Test Script Processor (TSP™) accessible from any host interface; responds to high-speed test scripts comprised of remote commands and statements (for example, branching, looping, and math); able to execute test scripts stored in memory without host intervention
Minimum user memory available 16 MB (approximately 250,000 lines of TSP code)
Reading buffers

Nonvolatile memory uses dedicated storage areas reserved for measurement data; reading buffers are arrays of measurement elements; each element can hold the following items:

  • Measurement
  • Source setting (at the time the measurement was made)
  • Measurement status
  • Range information
  • Timestamp

Two reading buffers are reserved for each 2651A channel; reading buffers can be filled using the front-panel STORE key and retrieved using the RECALL key or host interface

Buffer size, with timestamp and source setting > 60,000 samples
Buffer size, without timestamp and source setting > 140,000 samples

Timing

Timer Free-running 47-bit counter with 1 MHz clock input; reset each time instrument power is turned on; if the instrument is not turned off, the timer is reset to zero (0) every four years
Timestamp TIMER value is automatically saved when each measurement is triggered
Resolution 1 μs
Timestamp accuracy ± 100 ppm

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

IEEE-488 IEEE Std 488.1 compliant. Supports IEEE Std 488.2 common commands and status model topology
RS-232
  • Baud rates from 300 bps to 115200 bps
  • Programmable number of data bits, parity type, and flow control (RTS/CTS hardware or none)
  • When not programmed as the active host interface, the 2651A can use the RS-232 interface to control other instrumentation
Ethernet RJ-45 connector, LXI Class C, 10/100BT, Auto MDIX
LXI compliance LXI version 1.4 Core 2011
Expansion interface
  • The TSP-Link™ expansion interface allows TSP-enabled instruments to trigger and communicate with each other
  • Cable type: Category 5e or higher LAN crossover cable
  • Three meter (9.84 ft) maximum between each TSP-enabled instrument
  • A maximum of 32 TSP-Link nodes can be interconnected
  • Each source-measure instrument uses one TSP‑Link node
USB File System USB 2.0 Host: Mass storage class device
Power supply 100 V ac to 240 V ac, 50 Hz to 60 Hz (autosensing), 550 VA maximum
Cooling Forced air; side and top intake and rear exhaust
Warranty 1 year
EMC Conforms to European Union EMC Directive
Safety UL listed to UL61010-1:2004
Conforms to European Union Low Voltage Directive
Environment For indoor use only
Altitude: Maximum 2000 m (6562 ft) above sea level
Operating: 0 °C to 50 °C, 70% relative humidity up to 35 °C; derate 3% relative humidity/°C, 35 °C to 50 °C
Storage: −25 °C to 65 °C
Dimensions Rack mount: 89 mm high × 435 mm wide × 549 mm deep (3.5 in. × 17.1 in. × 21.6 in.)
Bench configuration (with handle and feet): 104 mm high × 483 mm wide × 620 mm deep (4.1 in. × 19 in. × 24.4 in.)
Weight 10.2 kg (22.5 lb)
Digital I/O interface
 
DC Power Specification
 
Connector: 25-pin female D
Input/output pins: 14 open drain I/O bits
Absolute maximum input voltage:  5.25 V
Absolute minimum input voltage:  –0.25 V
Maximum logic low input voltage: 0.7 V, +850 µA maximum
Minimum logic high input voltage: 2.1 V, +570 µA
Maximum source current (flowing out of digital I/O bit): +960 µA
Maximum sink current at maximum logic low voltage (0.7 ):  –5.0 mA
Absolute maximum sink current (flowing into digital I/O pin):  –11 mA
5 V power supply pin: Limited to 250 mA, solid-state fuse protected
Output enable pin: Active high input pulled down internally to ground with a 10 kΩ resistor; when the output enable input function has been activated, the 2651A channel will not turn on unless the output enable pin is driven to > 2.1 V (nominal current = 2.1 V/10 kΩ = 210 µA)

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Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Specification and price change privileges reserved. TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc. All other trade names referenced are the service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

SPEC-2651A April 2022

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